Progress of major biomarkers for neonatal brain injury in clinical application / 国际儿科学杂志

With the continuous progress of monitoring and treatment skills, the mortality of neonates has gradually decreased, and the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome has become the primary concern of society and families.During the perinatal period, the developing brain is vulnerable to hypoxia, hemorrhage, infection and inflammation, which may cause varying degrees of brain cell damage.Studies have found that proteins released by damaged brain cells can be detected in the body fluid of neonates, which are related to the occurrence and prognosis of neonatal brain injury.This article mainly reviews the recently reported brain injury biomarkers such as S100B, neuron specific enolase(NSE)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in different biological samples and its clinical predictive value for the occurrence of brain injury and neurodevelopmental prognosis.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on neurological injury markers and prognosis in patients with acute and severe carbon monoxide poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To observe the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on nerve injury markers and prognosis in patients with acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning (ASCOP) . Methods: In May 2021, 103 ASCOP patients were treated in the emergency department of Harrison International Peace Hospital of Hebei Medical University from November 2020 to January 2021. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received tDCS treatment. The control group (50 cases) were given oxygen therapy (hyperbaric oxygen and oxygen inhalation) , reducing cranial pressure, improving brain circulation and cell metabolism, removing oxygen free radicals and symptomatic support, and the observation group (53 cases) was treated with 2 weeks of tDCS intensive treatment on the basis of conventional treatment. All patients underwent at least 24 h bispectral index (BIS) monitoring, BIS value was recorded at the hour and the 24 h mean value was calculated. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and serum S100B calcium-binding protein (S100B) were detected after admission, 3 d, 7 d and discharge. Follow-up for 60 days, the incidence and time of onset of delayed encephalopathy (DEACMP) with acute carbon monoxide poisoning in the two groups were recorded. Results: The NSE and S100B proteins of ASCOP patients were significantly increased at admission, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.711, 0.326) . The NSE and S100B proteins were further increased at 3 and 7 days after admission. The increase in the observation group was slower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P(3 d)=0.045, 0.032, P(7 d)=0.021, 0.000) ; After 14 days, it gradually decreased, but the observation group decreased rapidly compared with the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.009, 0.025) . The 60 day follow-up results showed that the incidence of DEACMP in the observation group was 18.87% (10/53) , compared with 38.00% (19/50) in the control group (P=0.048) ; The time of DEACMP in the observation group[ (16.79±5.28) d] was later than that in the control group[ (22.30±5.42) d], and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.013) . Conclusion: The early administration of tDCS in ASCOP patients can prevent the production of NSE and S100B proteins, which are markers of nerve damage. and can improve the incidence and time of DEACMP.

Dysfunctional eating behavior in fibromyalgia and its association with serum biomarkers of brain plasticity (BDNF and S100B): an exploratory study

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess disordered eating, hunger and satiety perceptions in women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to healthy controls (HC) and their association with biomarkers of brain plasticity (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B)). Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional exploratory study. The sample included FM (n = 20) and HC (n = 19), matched to age and waist perimeter. Dysfunctional eating was assessed through the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and Eating Disorders Examination with a questionnaire. Hunger and satiety levels were rated by a Numerical Scale. Serum leptin, S100B and BDNF were analyzed. Results: The MANCOVA analysis showed that the mean of Emotional Eating rates was 30.65% higher in FM compared to HC ( p = 0.015). Eating, shape and weight concerns were 77.77%, 57.14% and 52.22% higher in FM ( p = <0.001) compared to HC, respectively. Moreover, the FM group reported higher scores for feeling of hunger "[5.2 (±2.9) vs. 4.8 (±2.0); p = 0.042] and lower scores for satiety [7.0 (±1.7) vs . 8.3 (±1.0); p = 0.038]. In the FM group, serum BDNF was negatively associated with hunger (r = - 0.52; p = 0.02), while S100B was positively associated with hunger scores (r = 0.463; p = 0.004). Conclusion: The present findings support the hypothesis that the association between FM and obesity can be mediated by a hedonistic pathway. Further research is needed.

S100B level and cognitive dysfunction after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy procedures: a prospective observational study / Nível de S100B e disfunção cognitiva após prostatectomia radical laparoscópica assistida por robô: estudo observacional prospectivo

Abstract Background: The present study investigated the association between Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) and increased serum S100B level after Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RALRP). Methods: The study included 82 consecutive patients who underwent RALRP. Serum S100B levels were determined preoperatively, after anesthesia induction, and at 30 minutes and 24 hours postoperatively. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing preoperatively, and at 7 days and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Twenty four patients (29%) exhibited POCD 7 days after surgery, and 9 (11%) at 3 months after surgery. Serum S100B levels were significantly increased at postoperative 30 minutes and 24 hours in patients displaying POCD at postoperative 7 days (p = 0.0001 for both) and 3 months (p = 0.001 for both) compared to patients without POCD. Duration of anesthesia was also significantly longer in patients with POCD at 7 days and 3 months after surgery compared with patients without POCD (p = 0.012, p = 0.001, respectively), as was duration of Trendelenburg (p = 0.025, p = 0.002, respectively). Composite Z score in tests performed on day 7 were significantly correlated with duration of Trendelenburg and duration of anesthesia (p = 0.0001 for both). Conclusions: S100B increases after RALRP and this increase is associated with POCD development. Duration of Trendelenburg position and anesthesia contribute to the development of POCD. Trial Registry Number: Clinicaltrials.gov (N° NCT03018522).

Resumo Introdução: O presente estudo investigou a associação entre Disfunção Cognitiva Pós-Operatória (DCPO) e aumento do nível sérico de S100B após Prostatectomia Radical Laparoscópica Assistida por Robô (PRLAR). Métodos: O estudo incluiu 82 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à PRLAR. Os níveis séricos de S100B foram determinados: no pré-operatório, após indução anestésica, e aos 30 minutos e 24 horas do pós-operatório. A função cognitiva foi avaliada com testes neuropsicológicos no pré-operatório, no 7° dia pós-operatório (7 DPO) e aos 3 meses após a cirurgia (3 MPO). Resultados: Observamos 24 pacientes (29%) com DCPO no 7 DPO e 9 pacientes com DCPO (11%) após 3 meses da cirurgia. Quando comparados com os pacientes sem DCPO, os níveis séricos de S100B estavam significantemente aumentados aos 30 minutos e às 24 horas do pós-operatório nos pacientes que apresentaram DCPO no 7 DPO (p= 0,0001 para os dois momentos) e 3 meses após a cirurgia (p= 0,001 para os dois momentos) A duração anestésica também foi significantemente maior em pacientes com DCPO no 7 DPO e 3 MPO em comparação com pacientes sem DCPO (p= 0,012, p= 0,001, respectivamente), assim como a duração da posição de Trendelenburg (p= 0,025, p= 0,002, respectivamente). O escore Z composto nos testes realizados no 7 DPO foi significantemente correlacionado com a duração da posição de Trendelenburg e a duração da anestesia (p= 0,0001 para ambos). Conclusão: S100B aumenta após PRLAR e o aumento está associado ao desenvolvimento de DCPO. A duração anestésica e o tempo decorrido em posição de Trendelenburg contribuem para o desenvolvimento de DCPO. Número de registro do estudo: Clinicaltrials.gov (n° NCT03018522)

SBi4211 alleviates gp120-induced central nervous system injury / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the protective effect of SBi4211 (heptamidine), an inhibitor of S100B, against central nervous system injury induced by HIV-1 envelope protein gp120.@*METHODS@#In an @*RESULTS@#In the cell co-culture system, SBi4211 treatment significantly inhibited gp120-induced expression of S100B, RAGE and GFAP in U251 cells (@*CONCLUSIONS@#SBi4211 can protect neurons from gp120-induced neurotoxicity possibly by inhibiting the S100B/ RAGE-mediated signaling pathway.

Effect of periapical inflammation on calcium binding proteins and ERK in the trigeminal nucleus / Efecto de la inflamación periapical sobre las proteínas fijadoras de calcio y ERK en el núcleo trigeminal

Peripheral inflammation induces plastic changes in neurons and glia which are regulated by free calcium and calcium binding proteins (CaBP). One of the mechanisms associated with the regulation of intracellular calcium is linked to ERK (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase) and its phosphorylated condition (pERK). ERK phosphorylation is important for intracellular signal transduction and participates in regulating neuroplasticity and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study is to analyse the expression of two CaBPs and pERK in astrocytes and neurons in rat trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) after experimental periapical inflammation on the left mandibular first molar. At seven days post-treatment, the periapical inflammatory stimulus induces an increase in pERK expression both in S100b positive astrocytes and Calbindin D28k positive neurons, in the ipsilateral Vc with respect to the contralateral side and control group. pERK was observed coexpressing with S100b in astrocytes and in fusiform Calbindin D28k neurons in lamina I. These results could indicate that neural plasticity and pain sensitization could be maintained by ERK activation in projection neurons at 7 days after the periapical inflammation.

La inflamación periférica induce cambios plásticos en las neuronas y en la glía, los cuales están regulados por el calcio libre y las proteínas fijadoras calcio (CaBP). Uno de los mecanismos asociados con la regulación del calcio intrace-lular está vinculado con la fosforilación de la pro teína quinasa ERK. Asimismo, ERK fosforilado es importante para la trans-ducción de señales intracelulares y participa en la regulación de la neuroplasticidad y las respuestas inflamatorias. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la expresión de dos CaBPs y pERK en astrocitos y neuronas del subnúcleo caudal del trigémino (Vc) después de una inflamación periapical experimental en el primer molar inferior izquierdo en ratas. A los siete días posteriores al tratamiento, el estímulo inflamatorio periapical induce un aumento en la expresión de pERK, en el número de astrocitos positivos para la proteína marcadora astroglial S100b y en neuronas positivas para Calbindina D28k, en el Vc ipsilateral respecto del lado contralateral y el grupo de control. Además, se observó coexpresión de pERK tanto en astrocitos S100b positivos, como en neuronas fusiformes Calbindin D28k positivas, de la lámina I. Estas observaciones podrían indicar que la neuroplasticidad y la sensibilización al dolor podrían mantenerse mediante la activación de ERK en las neuronas de proyección a los 7 días de la inflamación periapical.

Genetic polymorphism of rsl051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C in S100B gene in Chinese Guangxi population / 解剖学报

Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of S100B gene rsl051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C polymorphisms in Guangxi population, and to compare the distribution differences among different races and districts population. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-single base extension (SBE-PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to detect the genotype of rslOSl 169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C among 398 individuals in Guangxi. The results were compared with the allele and genotype of other four populations (HapMap-CEU, HapMap-YRI, HapMap-JPT, HapMap-HCB) from Haplotype Map(Hap Map). Results: There were GG, CG and CC genotypes at the rs 1051169 G/C of S100B gene in Guangxi population, with frequencies of 41.2%, 44.7% and 14. 1%, respectively, and G and C allele frequencies were 63.6% and 36.4%, respectively. TT, CT and CC genotypes were found at rs9984765 T/C, with frequencies of 47. 7%, 44.5% and 7. 8%.respectively, and allele frequencies of T and C were 70.0% and 30. 0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rsl051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C among male and female in Guangxi population (P>0. 05). The genotype and allele frequency of rs 1051169 G/C in Guangxi population showed significant difference as compared with HapMap-CEU, HapMap-YRI and HapMap-JPT (P0. 05). The genotype and allele frequency of rs9984765 T/C in Guangxi population showed significant difference as compared with HapMap-YRI, HapMap- JPT and HapMap-HBC (1 0. 05). Conclusion: The polymorphisms of rs 1051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C in S100B gene in Guangxi populations, and their polymorphisms are different from different races and district populations.

Diagnostic value of serum NSE, S100B protein and myocardial zymogram in premature infants with intrauterine infection / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To explore the diagnostic value of serum NSE, S100B protein and myocardial zymogram in premature infants with intrauterine infection.@*Methods@#From January 2016 to December 2017, 60 preterm infants with intrauterine infection in the Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wenzhou were selected in the study.According to whether brain injury occurred, they were divided into brain injury group (28 cases) and non-brain injury group (32 cases). Serum NSE content was detected by chemiluminescence method, serum S100B protein level was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum CK and HBDH levels were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer.The serum levels of NSE, S100B, CK and HBDH were compared between the two groups, the combined diagnostic efficacy of NSE+ S100B protein+ CK+ HBDH was analyzed, the correlation of serum NSE, S100B protein, CK, HBDH with brain injury wasanalyzed.@*Results@#The levels of serum NSE [(2.43±0.54)μg/L] and S 100B [(14.36±3.21)ng/L] in the brain injury group were higher than those in the non-brain injury group [(0.97±0.27)μg/L and (8.10±1.87)ng/L] (t=13.498, 9.370, all P<0.05). The levels of serum CK [(437.64±54.12)U/L] and HBDH [(387.91±56.45)U/L] in the brain injury group were significantly higher than those in the non-brain injury group [(183.54±32.58)U/L and (174.3±26.63)U/L] (t=22.347, 19.126, all P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis of NSE+ S100B protein and myocardial zymogram were higher than those of each single index.Serum NSE, S100B protein, CK and HBDH were positively correlated with brain injury.@*Conclusion@#The elevation of serum NSE, S100B protein and myocardial zymogram in preterm infants with intrauterine infection after birth has certain clinical significance in judging whether brain injury occurs or not.

Predictors of poor prognosis in patients with heat stroke

OBJECTIVE: The predictors of poor prognosis in heat stroke (HS) remain unknown. This study investigated the predictive factors of poor prognosis in patients with HS.METHODS: Data were obtained and analyzed from the health records of patients diagnosed with heat illness at Ajou university hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of poor prognosis.RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (median age, 54.5 years; 33 men) were included in the study. Poor prognosis was identified in 27.8% of the study population (10 patients). The levels of S100B protein, troponin I, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and serum lactate were statistically significant in the univariate analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that poor prognosis was significantly associated with an increased S100B protein level (odds ratio, 177.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.59 to 12,143.80; P=0.016). The S100B protein cut-off level for predicting poor prognosis was 0.610 μg/L (area under the curve, 0.906; 95% confidence interval, 0.00 to 1.00), with 86% sensitivity and 86% specificity.CONCLUSION: An increased S100B protein level on emergency department admission is an independent prognostic factor of poor prognosis in patients with HS. Elevation of the S100B protein level represents a potential target for specific and prompt therapies in these patients.

Correlation of serum S100B levels with brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children with status epilepticus / 소아과

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between elevated S100B levels with brain tissue damage seen in abnormalities of head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] sequence) in patients with status epilepticus (SE). METHODS: An analytical observational study was conducted in children hospitalized at Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from July to December 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups: SE included all children with a history of SE; control included all children with febrile seizure. Blood samples of patients were drawn within 24 hours after admission. SE patients also underwent cranial MRI with additional DTI sequencing. The Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were enrolled the study. In the 24 children with SE who met the inclusion criteria, serum S100B and cranial MRI findings were assessed. Twenty-two children admitted with febrile seizures became the control group. Most patients were male (66.7%); the mean age was 35.8 months (standard deviation, 31.09). Mean S100B values of the SE group (3.430±0.141 μg/L) and the control group (2.998±0.572 μg/L) were significantly different (P<0.05). A significant difference was noted among each level of encephalopathy based on the cranial MRI results with serum S100B levels and the correlation was strongly positive with a coefficient value of 0.758 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In SE patients, there is an increase of serum S100B levels within 24 hours after seizure, which has a strong positive correlation with brain damage seen in head MRI and DTI.

Andrographolide protects mouse astrocytes against hypoxia injury by promoting autophagy and S100B expression

Andrographolide (ANDRO) has been studied for its immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection effects. Because brain hypoxia is the most common factor of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury, we studied the role and possible mechanism of ANDRO in this process using hypoxia-injured astrocytes. Mouse cortical astrocytes C8-D1A (astrocyte type I clone from C57/BL6 strains) were subjected to 3 and 21% of O2 for various times (0-12 h) to establish an astrocyte hypoxia injury model in vitro. After hypoxia and ANDRO administration, the changes in cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Expression changes in apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, main factors of JNK pathway, ATG5, and S100B were determined by western blot. Hypoxia remarkably damaged C8-D1A cells evidenced by reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Hypoxia also induced autophagy and overproduction of S100B. ANDRO reduced cell apoptosis and promoted cell autophagy and S100B expression. After ANDRO administration, autophagy-related proteins, S-100B, JNK pathway proteins, and ATG5 were all upregulated, while autophagy-related proteins and s100b were downregulated when the jnk pathway was inhibited or ATG5 was knocked down. ANDRO conferred a survival advantage to hypoxia-injured astrocytes by reducing cell apoptosis and promoting autophagy and s100b expression. Furthermore, the promotion of autophagy and s100b expression by ANDRO was via activation of jnk pathway and regulation of ATG5.

Worsened brain edma and the level of serum HMGB1 and S100B of IL-4 knockout mice after traumatic brain injury / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of brain edma and expression of blood high mobil-ity group box 1(HMGB1) and calcium binding protein S100B after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in IL-4 knockout (IL-4 KO) mice,and to explore the effects of IL-4 on traumatic brain injury. Methods Twenty male wild type ( WT) or twenty male IL-4 KO BALB/cJ mice were randomly divided into WT sham TBI group,WT TBI group,IL-4 KO sham TBI group and IL-4 KO TBI group(n=10 in each group).The model of traumatic brain injury was established by the free falling body epidural impact method,then the brain water content was measured. The expression of aquaporin-4 ( APQ4) and HMGB1 in injured brain of each group was detected by Western blot,and the concentration of HMGB1 and S100B in serum was detected by ELISA assay. Results ( 1 ) The brain water content of injured lateral brain of BALB/cJ mice with IL-4 gene knockout was significantly higher than that of wild type mice with brain injury model (WT group: (80.03± 0.35)％;IL-4 KO group:(81.93±0.41)％;P<0.05).(2) The Western blot showed that the expression of AQP4 and HMGB1 in brain tissue of BALB/cJ mice with IL-4 gene knockout was significantly higher than those in wild type mice after traumatic brain injury. ( 3) The results of ELISA showed that the levels of HMGB1 and S100B in the serum of IL-4 knockout BALB/cJ mice were significantly higher than those of wild type mice (HMGB1:WT group:(9.21±0.74)ng/ml;IL-4 gene knock-out group:(13.39±1.33)ng/ml,P<0.05;S100B protein:WT group:(11.11±0.84)pg/ml;IL-4 KO group: (18.11±2.02)pg/ml,P<0.05 ). Conclusion The brain tissue water content and the expression of APQ4 are increased in IL-4 KO TBI mice.The expression of HMGB1 in brain issue and serum and S100B in serum are also up-regulated.

Comparison of neurologic outcome between active abdominal compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation and standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in asphyxia cardiac arrest / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To compare the neurologic outcome after the active abdominal compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (AACD-CPR) and chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (STD-CPR) in asphyxia cardiac arrest (CA). Methods A prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. Adult patients with CA because of asphyxia such as drowning, airway obstruction admitted to Zhengzhou People's Hospital and Sanmenxia Central Hospital from June 2014 to December 2017 were enrolled. With the informed consent of patients' families, patients were divided into AACD-CPR group and STD-CPR group according to random number table method. The blood from median cubital vein or basilic vein were extracted at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the levels of S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Neurological outcome was classified according to cerebral performance classification (CPC) after 3 months. Results A total of 183 patients were selected, including 78 ROSC patients after CPR. Patients with CA > 8 minutes and rescue time > 1 hour were excluded, 69 ROSC patients (36 in STD-CPR group and 33 in AACD-CPR group) were finally included. After ROSC, the levels of S100B protein and NSE in blood of two groups were increased gradually, reaching the peak at 6 hours, and then decreased gradually. The levels of S100B protein and NSE in AACD-CPR group at different time points after ROSC were significantly lower than those in STD-CPR group [S100B protein (μg/L): 1.62±0.52 vs. 1.88±0.46 at 1 hour, 1.71±0.41 vs. 2.02±0.58 at 6 hours, 1.24±0.37 vs. 1.52±0.59 at 12 hours, 1.05±0.23 vs. 1.28±0.37 at 24 hours, 0.82±0.29 vs. 1.05±0.36 at 48 hours; NSE (μg/L):24.76±3.02 vs. 26.78±4.29 at 1 hour, 58.78±5.58 vs. 61.68±5.44 at 6 hours, 53.87±4.84 vs. 56.78±5.68 at 12 hours, 40.96±3.52 vs. 43.13±4.50 at 24 hours, 33.23±2.89 vs. 35.54±3.44 at 48 hours; all P < 0.05]. 3 months after ROSC, the CPC classification of AACD-CPR group was lower than that of the STD-CPR group (average rank: 28.86 vs. 42.46, Z = -3.375, P < 0.001). Conclusion After suffering asphyxia CA, patients who accepted AACD-CPR had better neurologic outcome than STD-CPR.

Predictive value of partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide on the effect of active abdominal compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation and serum S100B protein on cerebral function / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To explore the predictive value of partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) on the effect of active abdominal compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (AACD-CPR) and serum S100B protein on cerebral function. Methods 142 adult patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) AACD-CPR in Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Southern Medical University from September 2014 to December 2017 were enrolled. Patients were divided into successful group and failure group according to restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or not; and then according to Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories (CPC) one month after ROSC, the successful group was divided into good prognosis group (CPC 1-2) and poor prognosis group (CPC 3-5) further. The variations of hemodynamic, arterial blood gas index, PETCO2and serum S100B protein level (25 healthy subjects as normal S100B protein level reference value) during the recovery were analyzed. The predictive value of PETCO2on the effect of AACD-CPR and serum S100B protein on cerebral function of successful resuscitation patients were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results ① According to the traditional qualitative indexes, such as pulsation of the large artery, redness of lips and extremities, spontaneous fluctuation of chest, narrowing of pupil, existence of shallow reflex, etc, 54 in 142 patients with IHCA were successfully resuscitated; 57 cases were successfully resuscitated through the guidance of PETCO2, there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2= 0.133, 1 = 0.715). With the AACD-CPR, 142 CA patients' arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) were all improved with different degrees; heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), PaO2and PaCO2were further improved at 20 minutes after ROSC. At beginning of AACD-CPR, PETCO2of both groups were about 10 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). PETCO2was gradually rising to above 20 mmHg in successful group during AACD-CPR process; the failed group increased slightly within 2-5 minutes, then gradually decreased to below 20 mmHg, there was a significant difference in PETCO2between the two groups at each time. The area under the ROC (AUC) of PETCO2at CPR 20 minutes in predicting the outcome of the resuscitation was 0.969, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.943-0.995 (1 = 0.000), when the cut-off value of PETCO2was 24.25 mmHg, the sensitivity was 90.7%, and the specificity was 96.6%. ② The level of serum S100B protein at 0.5 hour after ROSC in the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group were significant higher than that of the normal control group; there was no significant difference between poor prognosis group and good prognosis group. S100B protein concentration of the poor prognosis group reached the peak within 3-6 hours, then gradually decreased, and was higher than that of the normal control group at ROSC 72 hours; the good prognosis was gradually decreased and recovered to normal control group within ROSC 72 hours. The AUC of S100B at 3 hours after ROSC on cerebral function prognosis prediction was 0.925, 95%CI was 0.867-0.984 (1 = 0.000), when the cut-off value of S100B protein was 1.215 μg/L, the sensitivity was 85.2%, and the specificity was 85.5%. Conclusion The variation of PETCO2can be used as an objective index to predict the success of AACD-CPR, and serum S100B protein can be used as an objective clinical index to predict cerebral function after AACD-CPR, both of which have some reference and guiding significance for clinical treatment.

Effect of butylphthalide on the neurological function and the levels of serum S100B,homocysteine, angiopoietin-1 in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the effect of butylphthalide on the neurological function and the levels of (S-100B),homocysteine(Hcy),angiopoietin-1(ANG-1)in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI). Methods A total of 84 patients with ACI were selected from January 2016 to September 2017 in Henan Rongjun Hospital. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the treatment method,with 42 cases in each group. The patients in the two groups were treated with antithrombosis,blood sugar and blood pressure control,nutritional support,infection prevention and other conventional treatment measures. On the basis of routine treatment,the patients in the observation group were treated with butylphthalide injection 100 mL by intravenously guttae,twice a day for two weeks. The neurologic impairment of the patients in the two groups was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)before and after treatment. The mental state and cognitive function of the patients in the two groups were scored by the mini-mental state examination(MMSE). The levels of serum S100B and ANG-1 were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of Hcy was detected by AU480 automatic biochemical analyzer. The curative effect was evaluated after two weeks of treatment,and the adverse reac-tions of the patients were observed. Results There was no significant difference in the scores of NIHSS and MMSE between the two groups before treatment(P > 0. 05). The NIHSS score after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment, and the MMSE score was significantly higher than that before treatment in the two groups(P < 0. 05). The NIHSS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the MMSE score was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment(P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in serum S100B,Hcy and ANG-1 levels be-tween the two groups before treatment(P > 0. 05). The levels of serum S100B and Hcy after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the ANG-1 level was significantly higher than that before treatment in the tao groups(P <0. 05). The levels of serum S100B and Hcy in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the ANG-1 level was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment(P < 0. 05). The total effective rate in the observation group and the control group was 90. 48％(38 / 42)and 71. 43％(30 / 42)respectively,the total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ2 = 4. 659,P < 0. 05). The incidence of ad-verse reactions in the observation group and the control group was 11. 90％(5 / 42)and 9. 52％(4 / 42)respectively,there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(χ2 = 0. 092,P > 0. 05). Conclusion Butylphthalide can effectively regulate the levels of serum S100B,Hcy and ANG- 1,and improve the neurological function of patients with ACI.

Effects of rHu-EPO in Different Dose on Brain Injury of Premature Infants / 医学研究杂志

Objective To study the effects and side effects of different dose of rHu-EPO on the treatment of brain injury in premature infants. Methods The infants who had suffered fetal distress and first one minute of Apgar was under 7score after birth and were sent to NICU within 24h were studied. We totally collected 90 infants and divided into three groups randomly, including large dose group, small dose group and control group. The large and small group were injected hypodermicly with rHu-EPO 1000U/kg, 500U/kg, three times per week for three weeks, and the control group were given general treatment without rHu-EPO at same time. Before treatment, one week and three weeks after treatment, we collected concentration of NSE, S100B and skull ultrasound to assess the effects. Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) were performed twice before and at weeks of correct gestational age. To survey the side effects, we collected general information such as the incidence rate of ROP and hemangioma, AST/ALT/PLT/Urea /Cr and so on. Results After one-week treatment, the concentration of NSE and S100B were no significant difference(P ＞ 0. 05) in the small dose group, but were statistically significant in the large dose group(P ＜ 0. 05). After three-week treatment, the comparison of NSE、S100B in both groups was statistically significant(P ＜ 0. 05). The head ultrasound comparison was of statistically significant in both group(P ＜ 0. 05), and so as NBNA and head MRI. The frequency of blood transfusion was statistically significant in both group(P ＜ 0. 05) compared with control group. Routine blood test including liver and kidney function showed that there was no significant difference before and after treatment(P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion The neuroprotective effect of rHu-EPO on brain injury in preterm infants is connected with its dose and period of treatment, it need high dose or long time to express neuroprotective function.

Elevated plasma concentrations of S100 calcium-binding protein B and tumor necrosis factor alpha in children with autism spectrum disorders

Objective: To investigate plasma concentrations of S100B (a calcium-binding protein derived primarily from the glia) and inflammatory cytokines in children with autism and the relationship between S100B and cytokine concentrations. Methods: Plasma levels of S100B, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A were measured in 40 unmedicated children with autism and 35 normally developing healthy children. The severity of autism was assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Results: Concentrations of both S100B and TNF-α were higher in children with autism before and after adjusting for a priori-selected confounders (age, sex, and body mass index). S100B concentrations were higher in children with severe autism compared to children with mild-moderate autism. However, this association remained as a trend after adjusting for confounders. S100B concentrations correlated positively with TNF-α concentrations. Conclusion: Our findings showing an increase in peripheral concentrations of S100B and TNF-α provide limited support to the hypothesis about the roles of altered immune function and S100B in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies of larger numbers of well-characterized individuals with ASD are needed to clarify the potential role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of this disorder.

Clinical Application of Detection of Plasma vWF:Ag and S100B in Ischemic Cerebral Apoplexy Disease / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical application value of S100B and vWF:Ag levels in ischemic cerebral apoplexy disease.Methods The plasma and clinical data from 85 cases of patients with ischemic cerebral apoplexy were collected,extracted 38 cases of volunteer blood plasma from a random sample of the general population and quantitative detected S100B levels by ELISA method,using Sysmex CA-7000 automatic blood coagulation instrument to detect plasma vWF:Ag levels.The carotid artery diameter and intima-media thickness of all the participants were detected by GELOGIC9 color doppler ultrasonic diagnostic instrument.Results The levels of plasma vWF:Ag in the CS group,the NCS (％) group and the control group were 176.8±56.3,128.9±37.6 and 93.7±30.1,which of plasma S100B (μg/L) were 2.8±1.3,1.9±0.9 and 1.3 ±0.7.Stroke patients could be divided into CS group and NCS group,compared with control group,observed the changes and the relationship of ischemic stroke disease for plasma S100B and vWF:Ag levels.The levels of plasma vWF:Ag and called S100B in the two case groups were increased compared with those in controls,the differences had statistical significance (F=125.9,89.3,P＜0.01).In CS and NCS group,vWF:Ag and S100B were comparative differences and statistically significant (F=125.9,89.3,P＜0.01),the levels of the two markers in the CS group were higher than in replication group.In CS group,the plasma levels of vWF:Ag and S100B were positively correlated (r=0.836,P＜0.01).In CS group,plasma levels of vWF:Ag were associated with carotid artery diameter and intima-media thicknes (r=-0.853,0.923,P＜0.01 and r=-0.783,0.823,P＜0.01),which of S100B did so (r=-0.820,0.833,P＜0.01).Conclution Detection of the levels of vWF:Ag and S100B can predict the degree of danger of ischemic cerebral apoplexy disease and estimate the development of the disease.

Study on clinical application of serum C-type natriuretic peptide ,IGF-Ⅱ ,ET ,NSE and S100B levels in craniocerebral trauma / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the effects of serum C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) ,insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-Ⅱ ) , endothelin (ET) ,neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein(S100B) on the prognosis of the patients with traumatic brain injury .Methods A total of 110 patients with craniocerebral trauma admitted in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 se-lected as the craniocerebral trauma group and further divided into the mild ,moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma groups ac-cording to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) .Then the levels of serum CNP ,IGF-Ⅱ ,ET ,NSE and S100B in all cases were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .Their influence on the prognosis of the patients with craniocerebral trauma and the correlation among various indicators were analyzed .Results The levels of CNP and IGF-Ⅱat admission in the craniocerebral trauma group were significantly decreased ,while the levels of ET ,NSE and S100B were significantly increased ,the difference com-pared with the control group was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Serum CNP and IGF-Ⅱlevels in the death group ,plant survival group and disabled group were significantly decreased .The difference was statistically significant (P<0 .01) .Serum CNP and IGF-Ⅱlevels in the moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma groups were gradually increased with the disease course progress ,while serum ET ,NSE and S100B levels were gradually decreased with the disease course progress ,the difference was statistically signifi-cant(P<0 .05) .In the patients with craniocerebral trauma ,the positive correlation existed between CNP and IGF-Ⅱ ,between ET and S100B ,between ET and NSE ,and between NSE and S100B(P<0 .01) ,while the negative correlation existed between IGF-Ⅱand ET ,between IGF-Ⅱ and S100B ,between CNP and ET ,and between IGF-Ⅱand NSE (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Serum CNP , IGF-Ⅱ ,ET ,NSE and S100B are correlated to the severity of craniocerebral trauma ,which has a higher clinical application value for judging the disease condition ,evaluating the prognosis in cradiocerebral trauma .

Effects of S100 B, AQP4 and CX43 expressions on the function of the blood brain barrier in hippocampus of diabetic rats with depression / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effects of S 100B, AQP4, and CX43 on the function of the blood brain barrier in the hippocampus of diabetic rats with depression .Methods Rats were divided into the diabetic group [ two weeks of high-fat diet and injection of Streptozotocin (STZ, 38 mg/kg)], depression group(chronic unpredictable stress for 28 days) , the diabetes mellitus with depression group ( combined with the above two methods ) , and the control group .The behavior of rats was evaluated with open-field test and Morris test .The expressions of AQP 4 and CX43 in rat hippocampus blood-brain barrier were detected by immunocytochemistry .Serum S100B level was detected by ELISA.Results Compared with control group, the number of autonomic activity and the space exploration times were decreased, the escape latencies were significantly longer in the Morris water maze test(P<0.05 or P<0.01) of the diabetes group and depression group; Serum S100B levels increased significantly ( P<0.01);the expressions of AQP4 and CX43 were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with diabetic group, the number of auto-nomic activity and the space exploration times were decreased , the escape latencies were significantly longer in the Morris water maze test( P<0.05 or P<0.01) of the diabetes group and depression group;Serum S 100B lev-els increased significantly( P<0.05);the expressions of AQP4 and CX43 were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions S100B, AQP4 and CX43 expression disorder may be one of the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus complicated with depression.